History of india pdf

Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73, and 55, years ago. Early in the second millennium BCE, persistent drought caused the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centres to villages. Indo-Aryan tribes moved into the Punjab from Central Asia in several waves of migration.

The pastoral and nomadic Indo-Aryans spread from the Punjab into the Gangetic plain. Around BCE, a new, interregional culture arose; then, small chieftaincies janapadas were consolidated into larger states mahajanapadas. Second urbanization took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, [ 5 ] including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism.

The latter was synthesized with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism. Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nanda Empire and established the first great empire in ancient India, the Maurya Empire. India's Mauryan king Ashoka is widely recognised for his historical acceptance of Buddhism and his attempts to spread nonviolence and peace across his empire.

Shunga would form the Shunga Empire in the north and north-east of the subcontinent, while the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom would claim the north-west and found the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

Timeline of indian history from 1600 to 1947

Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties, including the Gupta Empire , in the 4th to 6th centuries CE. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence is known as the Classical or Golden Age of India. Aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture, and religion spread to much of Asia, which led to the establishment of Indianised kingdoms in the region, forming Greater India.

Southern India saw the rise of multiple imperial powers from the middle of the fifth century. The Chola dynasty conquered southern India in the 11th century.